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Currently, little to no incentive exists for farmers to raise male (and some unwanted female) calves to the 75-pound slaughter weight. At auction for slaughter, some calves fetch as little as US$3.00 each, while some are killed soon after birth. Vermont does not keep records of the number of births and deaths on dairy farms in the state. 

Those who aren't killed immediately will become dairy cows or will be raised for veal. Dairy cows and calves are commonly kept indoors during the winter months, from November to May. In the barns visited during this shoot, cows under a year old were chained by their necks. In their stalls, they can stand up, lie down and sometimes reach the animals beside them.

Adult milking cows also lived indoors during the winter. Their calves are taken away from them upon birth and the mothers are milked two or more times daily. Barn floors are concrete and wet with ever-present urine and feces, a hazard that causes splitting, a condition where the cow slips with her legs split and cannot get up. If a cow is at risk of splitting, her ankles are tethered together, allowing her to walk only with small steps, unable to run or 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